रामधारी सिंह दिनकर की कविता - वीर

वीर

सच है, विपत्ति जब आती है,
कायर को ही दहलाती है,
सूरमा नहीं विचलित होते,
क्षण एक नहीं धीरज खोते,
विघ्नों को गले लगाते हैं,
काँटों में राह बनाते हैं।

मुहँ से न कभी उफ़ कहते हैं,
संकट का चरण न गहते हैं,
जो आ पड़ता सब सहते हैं,
उद्योग-निरत नित रहते हैं,
शुलों का मूळ नसाते हैं,
बढ़ खुद विपत्ति पर छाते हैं।

है कौन विघ्न ऐसा जग में,
टिक सके आदमी के मग में?
ख़म ठोंक ठेलता है जब नर
पर्वत के जाते पाव उखड़,
मानव जब जोर लगाता है,
पत्थर पानी बन जाता है।

गुन बड़े एक से एक प्रखर,
हैं छिपे मानवों के भितर,
मेंहदी में जैसी लाली हो,
वर्तिका-बीच उजियाली हो,
बत्ती जो नहीं जलाता है,
रोशनी नहीं वह पाता है।

• रामधारी सिंह दिनकर

Forest fires and Wildlife protection

An introduction

The most common hazard in forests is forests fire. Most part of world like North America (California), South America (Brazil Amazon forests), Argentina and Chile Forests, forests in Australia suffered the hazard of wild forest fires in recent times.  Forests fires are as old as the forests themselves. They pose a threat not only to the forest wealth but also to the entire regime to fauna and flora seriously disturbing the bio-diversity and the ecology and environment of a region. During summer, when there is no rain for months, the forests become littered with dry senescent leaves and twinges, which could burst into flames ignited by the slightest spark. The Himalayan forests, particularly, Garhwal Himalayas have been burning regularly during the last few summers, with colossal loss of vegetation cover of that region.

.

Forest fires are caused by Natural causes as well as Man made causes

• Natural causes - Many forest fires start from natural causes such as lightning which set trees on fire. However, rain extinguishes such fires without causing much damage. High atmospheric temperatures and dryness (low humidity) offer favorable circumstance for a fire to start.

• Man made causes - Fire is caused when a source of fire like naked flame, cigarette or bidi, electric spark or any source of ignition comes into contact with inflammable material. The source in this case are the lightning activities of human beings near forests or inside forest land.

What if problems occurs ?

When trees and other vegetation are incompletely burned, they release black carbon into the air, which can last for centuries on land and even longer in oceans. Now we have the best global picture yet of how much of the stuff is making its way to the sea: around a third of all the black carbon produced by fires.

Fires are a major cause of forest degradation and have wide ranging adverse ecological, economic and social impacts, including:

• loss of valuable timber resources
• degradation of catchment areas
• loss of biodiversity and extinction of plants and animals
• loss of wildlife habitat and depletion of wildlife
• loss of natural regeneration and reduction in forest cover
• global warming
• loss of carbon sink resource and increase in percentage of CO2 in atmosphere
• change in the microclimate of the area with unhealthy living conditions
• soil erosion affecting productivity of soils and production
• ozone layer depletion
• health problems leading to diseases
• loss of livelihood for tribal people and the rural poor, as approximately 300 million people are directly dependent upon collection of non-timber forest products from forest areas for their livelihood.

Needs of the fire management

• Prevention of human-caused fires through education and environmental modification. It will include silvicultural activities, engineering works, people participation, and education and enforcement. It is proposed that more emphasis be given to people participation through Joint Forest Fire Management for fire prevention.
• Prompt detection of fires through a well coordinated network of observation points, efficient ground patrolling, and communication networks. Remote sensing technology is to be given due importance in fire detection. For successful fire management and administration, a National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) and Fire Forecasting System are to be developed in the country.
• Fast initial attack measures.
• Vigorous follow up action.
• Introducing a forest fuel modification system at strategic points.
• Firefighting resources.

Protection of wildlife and forests is an important duty of all human beings. We should use available technology and resources in fighting with the forests fires and must evolve innovative ideas to protect forest vegetation and wildlife.

Depression - The Silent Killer

A state of long lasting unhappiness and mental illness is depression. Depression is generally occuring mental problem and a state of unhappiness which lasts long period of time. It occurs due to sadness, fear of loss, loosing beloved ones, hormonal disorders, conflicts, personal problems, hypertension, problems in relationships, mental pressure arise due to job loss or business losses, inner issues etc.

Globally, more than 264 million people of all ages suffer from depression.Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. More of women are affected by depression than men. Depression can lead to suicide.There are effective psychological and pharmacological treatments for moderate and severe depression.

Symptoms of depression

You may have depression if feelings of sadness or emptiness don’t go away within a couple of weeks. 

Depressed people suffer from symptoms like low self esteem, anxiety, disturbed sleep and appetite, and may have feelings of guilt or low self-worth, poor concentration and even symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical diagnosis. Depression have the signs of elevated or irritable mood, over-activity, pressure of speech, over expectation from life, self isolation  from public life, hatred life experiences.

Other emotional symptoms include:

• weight gain or loss

• difficulty concentrating or making decisions 

•unexplained aches and pains

•extreme irritability over seemingly minor things

•anxiety and restlessness

•trouble with anger management

•loss of interest in activities, including sex

•fixation on the past or on things that have gone wrong

•thoughts of death or suicide.

Men suffering from these conditions feel suicide as a solution to all the problems of life.

It is important to prevent suicide:

If you think someone shows signs of harming self life or is at immediate risk of self-harm or hurting another person

•  Stay with the person until help arrives.

•  Remove any guns, knives, medications, or other things that may cause harm.

•  Listen, but don’t judge, argue, threaten, or yell.

In children and adolescents, depression may cause low self-esteem and guilt, poor concentration, and frequent absence from school,disliking basic things of life.

Depression may be difficult to spot in older adults. Unexplained memory loss, sleep problems, or withdrawal could be signs of depression or Alzheimer disease.

Want to know more about Alzheimer's,

click on -

https://sspatul.blogspot.com/2020/07/alzheimer-memory-loss.html

There are effective treatments for depression through options like therapy, medication, diet, and exercise. Psychotherapy and counselling from a psychologist is advised. Bathing with cold water twice in a day will be helpful. Music can help in fighting with the stress life and depression.

Meditation is very helpful in fighting with the state of depression and other mental health problems. Yogic exercises like Udgitha Pranayam, Kapalbhati, Shirshasana, Ujjayiya Pranayam, Shitli Shitkari will definitely help in gaining relief from stress, fear and unhappiness.

Besides this the parents , friends and relatives should  give warm support and have sympathy with the depressed one's. Reminding memorable moments and good time memories will bring happiness in the heart of ill man.
Looking beauty of nature like flying birds,  falling waterfall, lake view, flowering plants, garden of fruits etc.  will help in overcoming from the state of unhappiness and depression.

Life is precious and we should never give up while fighting with the challenges. 

हॉन्ग कॉन्ग, ताइवान के साथ भारत पर चीन की बुरी नजर, भारत की सुरक्षा परिषद के चुनाव पर

चीन की साम्यवादी सरकार लगातार विस्तार की योजना पर कार्य कर रही है। चीन में बढ़ते जनसंख्या दबाव के कारण वहां भुखमरी, गरीबी, लाचारी आदि समस्याओं के साथ लोगो का संघर्ष जारी है। चीन से ही जन्म लेने वाली कोरो ना जैसी वैश्विक महामारी के इस दौर में भी चीनी कम्युनिस्ट सरकार की बुरी नज़र हांगकांग, और ताइवान पर है। मीडिया में चल रही खबरों की मानें तो चीन हांगकांग में चल रहे विरोध प्रदर्शन को दबाने के जुगाड खोजने में लगा हुआ है और वहां की सेना हर हाल में हांगकांग को स्वायत शासित क्षेत्र बनने से रोकना चाहती है। 

हॉन्गकॉन्ग सामरिक दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्र है, जो जुलाई 1997 तक ब्रिटेन द्वारा शासित था। इसके बाद से यहां चीन का शासन  है। हॉन्गकॉन्ग एक प्राद्योगिकी संपन्न क्षेत्र होने के कारण सुदृढ है। यहां की प्रति व्यक्ति आय भी चीन से अधिक है और कई विदेशी कंपनियों के आफिस यहां स्थित है। हॉन्गकॉन्ग में चीन जबरदस्ती अपना कानून थोपना चाहता है, जिससे वहां के लोग इसे आज़ाद देश घोषित करना चाहते हैं।

पर आर्थिक तौर पर बेहद मजबूत होने के कारण चीन की बुरी नजरे इसपर बनी रहती है।

यहां होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनो को चीन की पीपुल्स लिबरेशन आर्मी दबा देती है।

इसी तरह दक्षिण चीन सागर में चीन की गतिवधियों के कारण वियतनाम और फिलीपींस से पुराना विवाद है।

जापान के समुद्री क्षेत्र में चीन की गतिवधियां भी कभी कभी तनातनी का कारण बनती हैं।

इसी विस्तारवादी श्रृंखला में ताइवान पर चीन का कब्ज़ा एक कड़ी है, जिसे समझना ज़रूरी है। ताइवान विश्व की सबसे मजबूत अर्थवयवस्थाओं में से एक है और यहां करीब 210 खरब डॉलर का विदेशी मुद्रा भंडार है। यहां चाय, केला, जूट, हल्दी, शकरकंद जैसे कृषि उत्पाद पैदा होते है। यह क्षेत्र पेट्रोलियम और प्राकृतिक गैस के भंडार से भरा हुआ है, इस लिए चीन के लिए विशेष महत्व रखता है।

ताइवान में कई तरह के उद्योग है जैसे मार्बल, कोयला खनन, शीशा, कपड़ा, प्लास्टिक, इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरण, लोहा इस्पात और फूड प्रोसेसिंग इकाईया आदि। ताइवान संयुक्त राष्ट्र का सदस्य नहीं है और इसे मान्यता भी नहीं मिली है । इसलिए चीन इसके सामरिक और आर्थिक महत्व को देखते हुए पूरी तरह हासिल करना चाहता है।

चीन में अकेले 1300 से अधिक कंपनियां कार्य कर रही हैं, जो चीन - अमेरिकी ट्रेड वार के कारण भारत में आना चाहती है।

यह बात चीन को खटक रही है और उसने भारत में फिर से आवाजाही शुरु कर दी है। ताजा मामला लद्दाक में ग्लवान नाले और फिंगर फोर पर चीन के सैनिकों का भारतीय सीमा में 2 किमी अंदर आने का है। डोकलाम (सिक्किम) में विवाद के बाद गत 5 मई 2020 को पेंगोंग झील के पास चीनी सैनिकों ने घुसपैठ की, और सीमा के पास ही तंबू गाड़ डाले। जवाब में भारतीय सेना ने भी अपने चार हजार सैनिक तैनात कर डाले हैं।  इस विवाद के निपटारे के लिए अब तक दो तीन बार मेजर जनरल स्तर की बातचीत हो चुकी है, पर देखते हैं कि युद्ध की तनातनी जैसी स्थिति में आगे आने वाले दिनों में क्या निष्कर्ष निकाला जाता है।

चीन की विस्तारवादी नीति को तोड़ने के लिए सामूहिक तौर पर उसके बायकॉट की जरूरत है। प्रसिद्ध शिक्षाविद, पर्यावरविद् और सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता सोनम वांगचुक ने इसके लिए कई उपाय बताए है जिसमें चीन के बने सभी उत्पादों का सामूहिक त्याग और तिरस्कार मुख्य है।

लेकिन मोटे तौर पर कहे तो चीन से सभी देशों को सावधान और सतर्क रहने की जरूरत है। चीन को कूटनीतिक स्तर पर पटखनी देने के लिए भारत का सुरक्षा परिषद में स्थाई सदस्यता ज़रूरी है। चीन का स्थाई समाधान बेहद जरूरी हो चुका है, क्योंकि नाथूला(सिक्किम), उत्तराखंड, लद्दाख और अक्साई चीन में चीनी सैनिकों की घुसपैठ बार बार हो रही है। चीन द्वारा वीडियो से युद्ध आधारित प्रोपगेंडा फैलाया जा रहा है, जिसे कठोर जवाब मिलना आवश्यक है। 

देखने वाली बात होगी की आने वाले कुछ दिनों में क्या हल निकल कर आता है। 

Mutual Funds - best investment for a common man

Share market or securities exchange is a place where sum of money invested by the investors to gain returns and profit. 

Mutual Fund is nothing but a common pool of money collected from a lot of people which is used by an experienced fund manager who invests the money in the Share market. Many of us are inexperienced in right treatment of funds available to us. Anyone can invest in equity market with lesser knowledge of funds by directly investing in a mutual fund. It's a chance or say boon to a investor who wants to take a risk and gain higher returns from the market. The money invested in mutual funds is in small units termed as face value and the face value multiplies number of units results in total fund value. Mutual funds are purely subjected to market risk factors. 

Mutual funds are the part of commercial financial market.

The mutual funds investors need Demat:(Dematerialised) account in a bank or with a stock broker to do trading. The securities (mutual funds, shares, bonds etc.) are held in the electronic form by a depository. At present in India there are two depository institutions in present : NSDL (National Securities Depository Ltd.) and CDSL ( Central Depository Services Ltd.).

Various mutual fund agencies and companies are present in the market such as ICICI Mutual Funds, Reliance Mutual Funds, etc.

Political interference and Status of Civil Services in India

Each educated man and woman have a keen interest in civil administration. Selection of a candidate requires years of efforts and continuous hard work with the aim to serve society. Sometimes your knowledge, hard work and gromming up for the services is followed by luck factor. Public Administration training is given to suitable selected candidates at various locations. The service is regarded as the link between the government and the general public. Sometimes it is effect by the rulling political party in the country and the state.

There is often nexus between power-hungry and corrupt politicians and civil servants with convenient principles. Many civil servants are only too anxious to oblige the politicians, and then try to encash the obligation when they need some special favour. The attitude of self righteousness adopted by the civil service is dishonest and conceals the facts.

Every serving and retired civil servant come out with his/her memoirs and figurise the glorious picture of heights of administrative efficiency reached during his reign/services span.There is often much political interference during the orders in action. The civil servants are interfered by politicians and it may results in unrest at minor level. 

The attitude of self satisfaction is developed during the years of service. Self-preservation rather than service is encouraged by our whole system of rules and procedures. The over-protection now granted to the civil servants must end. If any of the civil servant found in unfair activities, it is impossible to remove an erroneous servant and only highest authorities in the government (the state or the centre) can transfer an official from one job to another.The rules for taking disciplinary action are very complicated and at end defaulting civil servants if gets away, is liable to get his full emoluments for the period of the disciplinary proceedings, you can imagine it is just like a paid holiday for him.

The results is that the administration has become rule-oriented and not result-oriented. Action is taken against the official who takes some interest in his work and try to fight with the basic problems of society, but no action will be taken against corrupt officials who sold themselves to the politicians to gain plenty of property. It is necessary to link job performance with job retention. 

Major reforms is needed to raise the quality of administration rendered by the civil servants.

The service should be purely free from any type of political interference. The task of upliftment of the society should be in the hands of honest and effective official to bring efficiency in results. National heroes could strive for the development of the nation and will bring prosperity in the society. 

Activities of Man and the environment

Man in the whole animal kingdom have the presence of intellectual properties and intelligent mind. He discovered wheel, fire, art of producing grains, storage, started rearing domestic animals like dog, cow, ox, camel, horse, made huts and invented things which made ourselves as a self centered modern man. Our Ancestors are monkeys who were dependent on mother nature for food, cloth and habitat, nearly about 5,00,000 million years have been passed of the fact that ancient men were hunting animals for food and gathering fruits in the forest,. But after the discovery of fire the series of invention led many skills, art, devices of modern use, machines etc., we forgot the protection of our mother nature. The activities of human beings are leading to a depletion of natural resources and are creating an imbalance in the environment.

Our life become more comfortable than before it was, but our activities made adverse effect on our environment.

Some of these activities are :

• Cutting of trees has distrusted the rainfall pattern in the world.

• Industrialization on large scale made the quality of air we breathe very poor.

• Uncontrolled growth of human population put heavy pressure on our natural resources.

• Sewage disposal into rivers, ponds, lakes made fresh water polluted and badly effected the ecosystem of water.

• Use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural activities polluted land, ground water quality and our food chain.

• Poisonous fumes due to the burning of fuel from vehicles are harmful for both plants and animals.

• Excessive use of fossil fuel which releases carbon di-oxide contributes to global warming.

• Excessive use of non-biodegradable plastic bags is a threat to the environment.

• Destruction of wildlife and forest land.

• No proper planning for the protection of environment

• Mining activities at large scale have resulted in deforestation, landfall and other disasters.

• Hunting of wild animals is done by hunters for getting things like skin, bones, teeth and flesh have reduced the population of wild animals and disturbed the wildlife which has been resulted in reduction of forest areas.

• The wastes from factories established by human beings pollute land, air, and water which results in destruction of living bodies.

• Use of certain chemicals like chlorophlorocarbons in perfumes, deodorant spray, hairs prays, refrigerators and jet planes made a huge depletion in the ozone layer of atmosphere which protect us from the harmful effects of Ultraviolet rays.

• Activities producing noise is displeasing and disrupts the balance of nature.

It should be understood that when plants in an area are destroyed, the animals that depend upon them are also destroyed. Hunting of animals for bonse, skin, for fun sports is cruelty to them and mother nature. 

If the man continue to kill animals for their selfish needs, a time may come when certain animals would become extinct.

And then, when a living organism becomes extinct, it means that there are no more members of that particular organism on the earth. As a consequence, the food chain will also be affected.

Fight against pollution

We should reduce the use of private vehicles and emphasis should be laid on the discovery of environment friendly fuel to reduce the quantity of gases like carbon di-oxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and sulphur dioxide in the air. It will help in reduction of acid rain that harms historical monuments and living organisms.

Conservation of the environment

It is now become more important to protect the environment and wildlife to save the mother nature. We should avoid the misuse of available gifts of nature.

We should organise awareness and informative programmes towards the protection of endangered species. Human beings need forests for medicines, fruits, wood, and oxygen. Therefore plantation of trees, plants and forest restoration can be done to save the environment.

Avoiding the use of non-biodegradable plastics will restrict the pollution of land, water and air.

Avoiding the wastage of water and smart disposal of sewage should be done to maintain the purity of fresh water. 

Use of public transport system will be a positive step towards pollution control. The scientists should try to discover environment friendly fuel and the entrepreneur should ensure their commercial production and easy availability to save the ecosystem.

(Jatropha - a plant used in production of biodiesel)

Canola, olive oil, palm oil, soyabean and sunflower oil used in the production of bio diesel.

Natural gas could be used as fuel in cooking and transport. Sustainable use of resources to save them for our coming generations.

Human beings should try to control population and protect the depletion of natural resources.

These steps will help in the growth of mother nature and conservation of the environment.

Protect the endangered species , forests and wildlife will make the planet more beautiful and liveable.